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Sehrin Tarihi:<\/p>\n
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\u015eANLIURFA TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 600.000 y\u0131la kadar uzanan Paleolitik D\u00f6neme kadar tarihlendirilen Urfa, Epipaleolitik<\/p>\n
ve Neolitik \u00c7a\u011flara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Urfa kent merkezinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar tarihe \u0131\u015f\u0131k<\/p>\n
tutacak niteliktedir. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Halil \u00fcr-Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn<\/p>\n
(Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l) kuzeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arkeolog Dr. Bahattin \u00c7elik<\/p>\n
taraf\u0131ndan arkeoloji tarihine \u201cBal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l Heykeli\u201d olarak kaydettirilen, \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n En Eski<\/p>\n
Heykeli\u201d bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece Urfa kent merkezinin M\u00d6.10000\u2019e, Neolitik D\u00f6neme, kadar<\/p>\n
uzanan bir yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir kez daha teyit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ebla, Akkad, S\u00fcmer, Babil, Hitit, Hurri-Mitanni, Arami, Asur, Pers, Makedonya, Roma,<\/p>\n
Bizans gibi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n egemenliklerini g\u00f6ren Urfa, 639\u2019dan sonra \u0130slamla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1094<\/p>\n
y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lan \u015fehir, 1098\u2019de Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Kontlu\u011fu idaresine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Eyyubi, Memluk, T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetleri, Timur Devleti, Akkoyunlular, Dulkadirbeyli\u011fi,<\/p>\n
Safeviler iktidarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Urfa, 1516\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk<\/p>\n
olarak Diyarbak\u0131r Eyaleti\u2019ne ba\u011flanan \u015fehir, 1876\u2019da Halep Vilayetine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, son olarak<\/p>\n
ta 1916\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir sancak olmu\u015ftur. Urfa, 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nce \u0130ngilizlerin, daha sonrada<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. 11 Nisan 1920\u2019de milli m\u00fccadelesini veren Urfa,<\/p>\n
i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131nda, 1924\u2019de, il olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Eski ismi Edessa olan Urfa\u2019n\u0131n, isminin Urhai, Orhai, Ruha vb. isimlerden geldi\u011fi<\/p>\n
s\u00f6ylense de bunlardan hi\u00e7biri kesinlik kazanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Urfa\u2019ya, ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda<\/p>\n
halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kahramanl\u0131ktan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir yasa ile \u201c\u015eanl\u0131\u201d<\/p>\n
unvan\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. 2013 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu 1.807.152 ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n
www.abuzerakbiyik.com.tr den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
URFA TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/p>\n
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde bir il olan \u015eanl\u0131urfa, do\u011fusunda Mardin, bat\u0131s\u0131nda Gaziantep, kuzeyinde Ad\u0131yaman ve Diyarbak\u0131r, kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yine Diyarbak\u0131r, g\u00fcneyinde ise Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ile \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u015fehridir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin orta kesiminde yer alan Urfa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fckseltisi fazla olmayan d\u00fczl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyindeki d\u00fczl\u00fcklere ve F\u0131rat Vadisine do\u011fru gittik\u00e7e al\u00e7alan bu d\u00fczl\u00fcklere \u015eanl\u0131urfa Platosu ismi verilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lin kuzeydo\u011fu kesimini Karacada\u011f\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc engebelendirir. S\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bir yanarda\u011f olan Karacada\u011f\u2019\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lavlar geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki en y\u00fcksek nokta Karacada\u011f\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Mandal Tepesi\u2019dir (1.895 m.). Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015eanl\u0131urfa platosu \u00fczerinde Harran ile Viran\u015fehir ovalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Tektek Da\u011f\u0131 (749 m.) ve Ka\u015fmer Da\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r (954 m.). Urfa\u2019da Karacada\u011f\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda Tak\u0131rtukur Da\u011flar\u0131, bunun bat\u0131s\u0131nda Y\u0131lanl\u0131 Da\u011f, Viran\u015fehir\u2019in g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda Karatepe ve Kepez Da\u011flar\u0131, Tektek Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda Susuz Da\u011flar\u0131 (801 m.), \u0130l merkezi yak\u0131n\u0131nda Germ\u00fc\u015f Da\u011flar\u0131 (770 m.), \u0130lin g\u00fcneyinde Nemrut Da\u011flar\u0131 (800 m.), \u015eanl\u0131urfa-Suru\u00e7 yolu \u00fczerinde \u015eebeke Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Birecik- Suru\u00e7 yolu \u00fczerinde \u015eebeke Da\u011flar\u0131, Arat Da\u011flar\u0131 (840 m.) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Be\u015f Ma\u011fara Da\u011flar\u0131, Cudi Da\u011f\u0131, Direkli Tepeleri, Ka\u015fmer Da\u011f\u0131, Kor\u00e7ik Da\u011f\u0131, Sak\u0131zl\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131, Molla \u00d6mer Da\u011f\u0131, Kalkan Da\u011f\u0131, Nohut\u00e7uk Da\u011f\u0131, K\u00fclapl\u0131 Tepesi ilin di\u011fer y\u00fckseltileridir.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan III.Jeolojik zaman\u0131n son kat\u0131 olan Poliosen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn karakterini g\u00f6stermektedir. Eski d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile birlikte olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. K\u0131vr\u0131mlar olu\u015fumundan \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019nun bulundu\u011fu sahada Thitys ad\u0131 verilen bir deniz bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Zaman\u0131n sonu ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Zaman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yan bas\u0131n\u00e7lar ve patlamalardan pek etkilenmeyen \u015eanl\u0131urfa, \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu sert k\u00fctle \u00fczerinde biraz y\u00fckselmi\u015f ve yer yer k\u0131vr\u0131lmalara u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Suru\u00e7 Ovas\u0131 ile Harran (Alt\u0131nba\u015fak) Ovas\u0131 ilin di\u011fer d\u00fczl\u00fckleridir. \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ovas\u0131 olan Harran Ovas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fusunda Viran\u015fehir Ovas\u0131, bat\u0131s\u0131nda da Suru\u00e7 Ovas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.Ayr\u0131ca F\u0131rat Nehri kenar\u0131nda Halfeti Ovas\u0131, Bozova Ovas\u0131, Hilvan Ovas\u0131 ve Karacada\u011f\u2019\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc lavlarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc Siverek Ovas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma projesi olan GAP\u2019\u0131n (G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi) merkezi durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130l topraklar\u0131n\u0131 bat\u0131, kuzeybat\u0131 ve kuzeyde do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olu\u015fturan F\u0131rat Nehri sulamaktad\u0131r. Siverek Maktalan Ge\u00e7idi civar\u0131nda \u015eanl\u0131urfa topraklar\u0131na giren F\u0131rat Nehri, Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelir. Bu nehir \u00fczerinde Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131, Birecik Baraj\u0131, Karakaya ve Kargam\u0131\u015f Barajlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nehrin suyu iki t\u00fcnel ile Harran Ovas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresini sulamaktad\u0131r. Culap Suyu ile Habur Suyu da ilin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli akarsular\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; Direkli Suyu, S\u00fcleyman P\u0131nar\u0131, Anzeli P\u0131nar, Bamya Suyu, Kerhiz Suyu, Germ\u00fc\u015f Suyu, Belih Suyu,<\/p>\n
C\u00fclmen Suyu, K\u0131rkp\u0131nar Suyu, Karakoyun, Alig\u00f6r, Yukar\u0131 Koymat, G\u00f6lp\u0131nar, \u00c7amurlu, Belik, Cavsak, Karak\u00f6pr\u00fc ve T\u00fclmen Deresi bulunmakta olup, bu akarsular\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu yaz aylar\u0131nda kurumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hac\u0131h\u0131d\u0131r ile Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yapay g\u00f6ller bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lin kuzey ve kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 alanlar Atat\u00fcrk Baraj G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn sular\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deniz seviyesinden ortalama 518 m. y\u00fckseklikteki \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 18.584 km2, toplam n\u00fcfusu 1.436.956\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc Step g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir. Nehir boylar\u0131nda s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, kavak gibi a\u011fa\u00e7 topluluklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. F\u0131rat Nehri havzas\u0131nda erozyonu \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131 ile a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lde Karasal \u0130klim h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmektedir. Yazlar\u0131 kurak ve \u00e7ok s\u0131cak, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve k\u0131smen \u0131l\u0131man ge\u00e7er. Kontinental (kara) iklim \u00f6zelli\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f 462 mm.dir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 18.6 C.dir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lin ekonomisi tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, turizm ve sanayie dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeti\u015ftirilen tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda; bu\u011fday, arpa, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mercimek, \u00e7i\u011fit, karpuz, kavun, domates, \u00fcz\u00fcm, pamuk, patl\u0131can gelmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca az miktarda kay\u0131s\u0131, erik, zeytin yeti\u015ftirilir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi kapsam\u0131nda olan \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da tar\u0131m \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun ve k\u0131l ke\u00e7isi yeti\u015ftirilir. Birecik\u2019te Kelaynak Ku\u015flar\u0131, Ceylanp\u0131nar\u2019da da Ceylanlar i\u00e7in \u00fcretme istasyonlar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. GAP b\u00f6lgesi ve<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019daki an\u0131tlar turizm y\u00f6n\u00fcnden il ekonomisinde \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kalk\u0131nmada \u00f6ncelikli iller kapsam\u0131ndaki \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019daki sanayii daha \u00e7ok tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ldeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca sanayi kurulu\u015flar\u0131; un, \u015farap, meyve suyu, yem, y\u00fcn ipli\u011fi, \u00e7imento, tar\u0131m alet ve makineleri \u00fcreten fabrikalar, et kombinas\u0131, s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u015fletmesi, zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ve sabun \u00fcretim tesisleri ile hal\u0131 ve pamuklu dokuma kurulu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa yer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a yoksuldur. Bozova\u2019da fosfat, Suru\u00e7\u2019ta tu\u011fla-kiremit hammaddesi i\u00e7eren cevher yataklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Urfa\u2019n\u0131n eski ismi \u015eemseddin Sami\u2019nin Kamus\u00fc\u2019l Alam\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re; \u201cUr\u201d ya da \u201cUrelkeldaniyn\u201d olup, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in fethinden sonra Makedonyal\u0131lar bu \u015fehri vatanlar\u0131ndaki Edessa (Vodina) kasabas\u0131na benzeterek bu adla ve \u201cAkarsular\u0131 g\u00fczel\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cKaliroe\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar, Araplar da \u201cKaliroe\u201d isminden esinlenerek buraya \u201cRuha\u201d ismini vermi\u015flerdir. Prof. Fikret I\u015f\u0131ltan\u2019a g\u00f6re \u0130slam d\u00f6neminde Diyar\u0131 Mudar olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgedeki Urfa\u2019ya Osrhoene Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde verilen \u201cOsrhoene\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n, Kentin Makedonyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cEdessa\u201d ismi ile yeniden kurulu\u015fundan, S\u00fcryanice \u201cUrhai-Orhai\u201d olan \u00f6nceki isminin, Arap\u00e7a \u201cEr-Ruha\u201dn\u0131n Latinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 F\u0131rat Projesi kapsam\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehri k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, Sultantepe\u2019de, G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de ve baraj g\u00f6llerinin alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kurtarma kaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n
y\u00f6renin tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur. Buna dayan\u0131larak \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f (M\u00d6.10000-5500) ve sonras\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir yerle\u015fmenin oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asur tabletlerine g\u00f6re buras\u0131 M\u00d6.2000\u2019lerde Hurriler ile Mitannilerin yerle\u015fti\u011fi bir yerdi. Hitiler Mitanni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra y\u00f6reye yerle\u015fmi\u015fler, M\u00d6.XI.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra da Mezopotamya\u2019dan kuzeye do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Aramiler buraya yerle\u015ferek Bit-Adini Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 burada kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00d6.857\u2019de Asurlulara ba\u011flanan ve sonra Medlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frayan y\u00f6re, bir s\u00fcre Babillerin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00d6.VI.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Persler y\u00f6reye hakim olmu\u015f ve buran\u0131n ticaretinin ve tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck paylar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. M\u00d6.IV.y\u00fczy\u0131lda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Persleri Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ktan sonra y\u00f6reye de hakim olmu\u015ftur. \u0130skender\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da Seleukoslar\u0131n hakimiyetine girmi\u015ftir. I.Seleukos taraf\u0131ndan M\u00d6.303\u2019te bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Urfa\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde Edessa kenti kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Edessa\u2019n\u0131n, ilk kurulu\u015fu ile ilgili kesin bilgi olmamakla birlikte, Arap tarih\u00e7isi Ebul Fara\u00e7\u2019a g\u00f6re, Nuh Tufan\u0131\u2019ndan sonra yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde kurulan ilk yedi yerle\u015fim merkezinin ilki ve en \u00f6nemlisidir. Hz. Adem\u2019in \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hz. \u0130brahim Halil, Hz. Eyy\u00fcp, Hz. \u015euayp, Hz. Elyasa gibi peygamberlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge bug\u00fcn \u201cPeygamberler \u015eehri\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyanlar, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n mendilinin \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da bulunmu\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 buraya Dir- Mesih ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Musevi, H\u0131r\u0131stiyan ve \u0130sl\u00e2m peygamberlerinin atas\u0131 olarak nitelenen Hz.\u0130brahim Urfa\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f, Nemrut ve onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 putlarla m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi i\u00e7in burada ate\u015fe at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lut Peygamber, amcas\u0131 Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Urfa\u2019da ate\u015fe at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve daha sonra buradan Sodam\u2019a gitmi\u015ftir. Hz.\u0130brahim\u2019in torunu \u0130srafilo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n atas\u0131<\/p>\n
Yakup Peygamber burada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve Urfa\u2019da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle \u015eanl\u0131urfa inan\u00e7 turizmi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Seleukoslardan sonra M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, ard\u0131ndan Aramiler y\u00f6reyi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. M\u00d6.132\u2019de burada Abgar, sonra da Osrhoene olarak isimlendirilen bir krall\u0131k kurulmu\u015ftur. Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde ya\u011fmalanan, bir s\u00fcre Partlar\u0131n denetiminde kalan Osroene Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00d6.I.y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Romal\u0131lara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Romal\u0131lar ile Partlar aras\u0131nda zaman zaman el de\u011fi\u015ftiren Osroene Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, MS.117\u2019de tamam\u0131 ile Roma\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini kabul etmi\u015ftir. Aramiler bir\u00e7ok kez Roma\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanm\u0131\u015flarsa da bu ayaklanmalar bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6re III.y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Sasanilerin, VII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Araplar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, X.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizansl\u0131larla Mervaniler aras\u0131nda el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bizans\u2019\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde Ermeni komutan\u0131 Philaretos\u2019un y\u00f6netimine girmi\u015f, bunu Sel\u00e7uklu ve Kilikyal\u0131 Thoros\u2019un y\u00f6netimi izlemi\u015ftir. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1098\u2019de burada Urfa Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Kontlu\u011fu kurulmu\u015ftur. 1144\u2019te Musul Atabeklerinden Zengilerin, 1182\u2019de de Eyyubilerin y\u00f6netimine girmi\u015f, 1232\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r Eyyubilerine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 ile zaman zaman el de\u011fi\u015ftiren y\u00f6reye Harezmliler hakim olmu\u015f Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetleri buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f, 1399\u2019da Timur\u2019un, XV.y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda da Akkoyunlular\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Memluklular 1429\u2019da y\u00f6reyi ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Safaviler y\u00f6reye egemen olmu\u015f, 1517\u2019de Yavuz Sultan Selim zaman\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Celali ayaklanmalar\u0131ndan Karayaz\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanma Urfa\u2019y\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. XIX.y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Halep Vilayetinin Urfa sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015fsa da ilin kuzey ve do\u011fusundaki baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r Valisi Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n 1839\u2019da isyan etmesi \u00fczerine Sultan II.Mahmut bu isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak \u00fczere Haf\u0131z Mehmet Pa\u015fay\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. Haf\u0131z Mehmet Pa\u015fa ile Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n o\u011flu \u0130brahim Pa\u015fan\u0131n 20 Haziran 1839\u2019da Birecik\u2019te yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015f M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n lehine sonu\u00e7lan\u0131nca Urfa 4 y\u0131l boyunca M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n elinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Urfa 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir sancak konumuna getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra24 Mart 1919\u2019da \u0130ngilizlerin i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra 30 Ekim 1919\u2019da Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015f ve bunun sonucu olarak 11 Nisan 1920\u2019de i\u015fgalciler Urfa\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmi\u015fler, 4 Haziran 1920\u2019de de t\u00fcm y\u00f6reyi bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan sonra da il konumuna getirilmi\u015ftir. Urfa milletvekili Osman Do\u011fan ve 17 arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kahramanl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 Urfa ili ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u015eanl\u0131urfa\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin kanun teklifi TBMM taraf\u0131ndan 12.6.1984 tarihinde kabul edilerek kanunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Urfa ilinin ad\u0131n\u0131n \u015eanl\u0131urfa olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131ndaki 3020 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun 22 Haziran 1984 tarih 18439 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelebilen tarihi eserler aras\u0131nda; Harran H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (M\u00d6.3000-MS.XIII.y\u00fczy\u0131l), Harran Bazda Ma\u011faralar\u0131,<\/p>\n
Harran \u00c7oban Ma\u011faralar\u0131, \u015euayp \u015eehri Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Sogmatar Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Pognon Ma\u011faras\u0131, Betik Yap\u0131s\u0131, Harran\u2019da Sin Mabedi (M\u00d6.2000), Aziz Paulos-Aziz Petrus Kilisesi, Germ\u00fc\u015f K\u00f6y\u00fc Kilisesi, Deyr Yakup Manast\u0131r\u0131, Harran \u00dcniversitesi (718-913), Harran \u015eehir Surlar\u0131, Harran Kalesi, Urfa Kalesi, Urfa \u015eehir Surlar\u0131, Harran Ulu Camisi, \u015eeyh Yahya Hayat El Harrani Cami ve T\u00fcrbesi (XII.y\u00fczy\u0131l), Cabir El-Ensar Cami ve T\u00fcrbesi, \u0130mam Bak\u0131r Cami ve T\u00fcrbesi, Han El-Ba\u2019r\u00fcr Kervansaray\u0131 (1228), Ey\u00fcp Nebi K\u00f6y\u00fc Peygamber Mezarlar\u0131, Ey\u00fcp Peygamber T\u00fcrbesi, Rahime Hatun T\u00fcrbesi, Elyesa\u2019Peygamber T\u00fcrbesi, Urfa Ulu Camisi, Arabi Camisi, As\u0131m Pa\u015fa Mescidi, Behramlar Camisi, \u00c7akeri Camisi, Dabbakhane Camisi, Eski \u00d6meriye Camisi, Hac\u0131 L\u00fctfullah Camisi, Hac\u0131 Yadig\u00e2r Camisi, Halil\u00fcr Rahman Camisi, Hasan Padi\u015fah Camisi, Hayrullah Camisi, Hekim Dede Camisi, Hizano\u011flu Camisi, H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa Camisi, \u0130mam Sekkaki Camisi, Kad\u0131o\u011flu Camisi, Kara Musa Camisi, H\u00fcseyniye Mescidi, K\u0131br\u0131s Mescidi, Kudbettin Camisi, Mevlidi Halil Camisi, Mevlevihane Camisi, Miskinler Mescidi, M\u00fcderris Camisi, Nar\u0131nc\u0131 Camisi, Nimetullah Camisi, Nur Ali Mescidi, Pazar Camisi, R\u0131zvaniye Camisi, Siverekli Mescidi, \u015eeyh Benderiye Camisi, Tokdemir Mescidi, Tuzeken Camisi, Yusuf Pa\u015fa Camisi, Yeni \u00d6meriye Camisi, Selahattin Eyyubi Camisi, F\u0131rf\u0131rl\u0131 Camisi, Circis Peygamber Camisi, Silvan Camisi, Afkan Tekkesi, Hindistani Tekkesi, Sad\u0131k Kalfa Tekkesi, \u015eeyh Mesut Tekkesi, \u015eeyh Saffet Tekkesi, Saat Kulesi, Firuz Bey Sebili, \u015eeyh Ebubekir Sebili, Haf\u0131z S\u00fcleyman Bozanefendi \u00c7e\u015fmesi, \u015eeyh Benderiye \u00c7e\u015fmesi, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa An\u0131t \u00c7e\u015fmesi, S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc Abdurrahman Efendi \u00c7e\u015fmesi, Hekim Dede \u00c7e\u015fmesi, Emencekzade \u00c7e\u015fmesi, Veli Bey Hamam\u0131, Sultan Hamam\u0131, Vezir Hamam\u0131, C\u0131nc\u0131kl\u0131 Hamam\u0131, Eski Arasa Hamam\u0131, Ser\u00e7e ve \u015eaban Hamamlar\u0131, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131, Titri\u015f Kervansaray\u0131, \u00c7armelik Kervansaray\u0131, M\u0131rbi Kervansaray\u0131, Kazas Pazar\u0131 (Bedesten), Sipahi Pazar\u0131, Sarra\u00e7 Pazar\u0131, ve T\u00fcrk sivil mimari \u00f6rneklerinden saraylar, k\u00f6\u015fkler, konaklar ve geleneksel Urfa evleri, Harran Evleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa Gezgin G\u00f6z\u00fcyle<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131 Urfa’n\u0131n 44 kilometre g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundad\u0131r. Her y\u0131l binlerce yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turist taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilen tarihi Harran Kenti, kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan Harran Ovas\u0131 merkezinde kurulmu\u015ftur. Tevrat’ta H\u00e2r\u00e2n olarak ge\u00e7en yerin buras\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenilir. \u0130slam tarih\u00e7ileri kentin kurulu\u015funu Nuh Peygamberin torunlar\u0131ndan Kaynana veya \u0130brahim Peygamberin karde\u015fi Aran’a (Haran) ba\u011flarlar. 13.y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7ilerinden \u0130bn \u015eeddad, Hz. \u0130brahim’in Filistin’e gitmeden \u00f6nce bu \u015fehirde oturdu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle Harran’a Hz. \u0130brahim’in kenti de denildi\u011fini, Harran’da \u0130brahim Peygamberin evinin, ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir mescidin, onun otururken yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131n varoldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n
Harran tarihiyle ilgili en do\u011fru bilgiler arkeolojik kaz\u0131lardan elde edilen buluntulara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Harran ad\u0131na ilk defa, K\u00fcltepe ve Mari’de bulunan M.\u00d6. II. bin ba\u015flar\u0131na ait \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletlerde “Har- ra-na” veya “Ha-ra-na” \u015feklinde rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Suriye’de bulunan Ebla tabletlerinde ise Harran’dan “Ha-ra-na” olarak bahsedilmektedir. M.\u00d6. II. binin ortalar\u0131na ait Hitit Tabletlerinde,<\/p>\n
Hitit’lerle Mitanni’ler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir anla\u015fmaya Harran’daki Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (Sin) ve G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fahit tutuldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Harran, Kuzey Mezopotamya’dan gelerek bat\u0131 ve kuzeybat\u0131ya ba\u011flanan \u00f6nemli ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi bir noktada bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 Harran, Anadolu ile s\u0131k\u0131 ticaret ili\u015fkileri bulunan Asurlu t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n da \u00f6nemli u\u011frak yerlerinden biri idi. Anadolu’dan Mezopotamya’ya Mezopotamya’dan da Anadolu’ya olan ticaret binlerce y\u0131l Harran \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da burada zengin ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr birikiminin olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Harran; Ay, G\u00fcne\u015f ve gezegenlerin kutsal say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski Mezopotamya putperestli\u011finin (Sabiizm) \u00f6nemli merkezi olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00fcnl\u00fc idi. Bu nedenledir ki Harran’da Astronomi ilmi \u00e7ok ilerlemi\u015ftir. Urfa’n\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri haline gelmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Asur, Babil ve Hitit devirlerinden beri Harran’da s\u00fcre gelen Sabiizm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 M.S. 11. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck felsefe ekol\u00fcnden birisi “Harran ekol\u00fc”d\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn C\u00fcllab ve Deysan \u0131rmaklar\u0131 kurumu\u015f oldu\u011fundan, Harran sudan ve ye\u015filden mahrum bir ovan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi ile ayakta durmaktad\u0131r. Tipik evleri, h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kalesi, \u015fehir surlar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli mimari kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, geceleyin g\u00f6k y\u00fcz\u00fcnde p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ile turistlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir. Atat\u00fcrk Baraj\u0131 ve Urfa T\u00fcnelleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Harran Ovas\u0131na ak\u0131t\u0131lacak olan F\u0131rat Nehri, Harran’\u0131 tarihteki ye\u015fil ve verimli g\u00fcnlerine kavu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015euayb \u015eehri: \u015eanl\u0131urfa’dan 88 km uzakl\u0131ktaki \u00d6zkent k\u00f6y\u00fc ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan tarihi harabelerdir. Geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lan \u00f6ren yerinin surlarla \u00e7evrili oldu\u011fu ve Roma devrinde in\u015fa edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131nda \u015euayb Peygamberin bu kentte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. Burada Peygamber Makam\u0131 olarak ziyaret edilen bir de ma\u011fara bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sogmatar: \u015eanl\u0131urfa’ya 73 km uzakl\u0131ktaki kent bug\u00fcn Ya\u011fmurlu k\u00f6y\u00fc ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M.S.1 ve 2’nci y\u00fczy\u0131llarda S\u00fcryaniler taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n
iskan edilmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6k\u00fc Harran Sin K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dayanan Sabiizm ve Ba\u015f tanr\u0131 Marilaha’n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi oldu\u011fu bilinen Sogmatar \u00f6ren yerinin Ba\u015f tanr\u0131ya ve gezegenlere ibadet edilen ve kurban kesilen a\u00e7\u0131k hava mabedi en \u00f6nemli kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. Mabedin duvarlar\u0131nda S\u00fcryanice yaz\u0131lar ve gezegenleri tasvir eden insan r\u00f6lyefleri i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Kalenin bat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan tepedeki kayalara da tanr\u0131lar\u0131 tasvir eden r\u00f6lyefler ve S\u00fcryanice yaz\u0131lar i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Nevali \u00c7ori: Nevali \u00c7ori ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nan antik yerle\u015fme yeri, \u015eanl\u0131urfa ili Hilvan il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Kantara k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde F\u0131rat nehrinin sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda ve onun bir kolu olan Katara Deresinin yan\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kazane: \u015eanl\u0131urfa merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131 Kazane (U\u011furcuk) yerle\u015fim alan\u0131n\u0131n tarihi M\u00d6 5000-3000’e dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda mimari buluntular, evler, sokaklar ve bu d\u00f6neme ait eserler bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu yerle\u015fim alan\u0131nda h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tepesinde su deposu in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca S\u00fcmerce’yi Akad\u00e7a’ya \u00e7eviren bir alfabe bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bal\u0131kl\u0131 G\u00f6l: (Aynzeliha Ve Halil-\u00dcr Rahman G\u00f6lleri ) Urfa \u015fehir merkezinin g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan ve \u0130brahim Peygamberin ate\u015fe at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer olarak bilinen bu iki g\u00f6l, kutsal bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00e7evrelerindeki tarihi eserler ile Urfa’n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ziyaret\u00e7i \u00e7eken yerleridir. \u0130brahim Peygamber, devrin zalim h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Nemrut ve halk\u0131n\u0131n tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 putlarla m\u00fccadele etmeye, tek tanr\u0131 fikrini savunmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Nemrut taraf\u0131ndan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kalenin bulundu\u011fu tepeden ate\u015fe at\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Allah taraf\u0131ndan ate\u015fe “Ey ate\u015f, \u0130brahim’e kar\u015f\u0131 serin ve selamet ol” emri verilir. Bu emir \u00fczerine, ate\u015f suya odunlar da bal\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Hz. \u0130brahim bir g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esinin i\u00e7ersine sa\u011f olarak d\u00fc\u015fer. Hz. \u0130brahim’in d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer Halil-\u00fcr Rahman g\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rivayete g\u00f6re Nemrut’un k\u0131z\u0131 Zeliha da \u0130brahim’e inand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kendisini onun pe\u015finden ate\u015fe atar. Zeliha’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde de Aynzeliha G\u00f6l\u00fc<\/p>\n
olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Her iki g\u00f6ldeki bal\u0131klar halk taraf\u0131ndan kutsal kabul edilerek yenilmemekte ve korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarih<\/p>\n
ADEM \u0130LE HAVVA YA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N S\u00d6YLENCE<\/p>\n
S\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re Adem ile Havva Cennetten kovulunca ilk olarak Harran ovas\u0131nda topraa\u011f basm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ova o vakitlerde ye\u015fillik ku\u015f c\u0131v\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131 olan ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle dolu bir yermi\u015f.Adem ile Havva bir s\u00fcre bu g\u00fczelli\u011fi doyas\u0131ya izler.Bunca g\u00fczellik i\u00e7inde birtek a\u011fac\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 dikkatlerini \u00e7eker.Adem cennetten gelirken yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir nar bir de g\u00fcl dal\u0131n\u0131 ovaya diker.Bunlar ak\u015fama kadar bir adam boyu b\u00fcy\u00fcr ertesi \u00fcgnde biri al biri de ak \u00e7i\u00e7ekler a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n
Bir s\u00fcre sonra kar\u0131nlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u0131r Adem:”Ak g\u00fcl\u00fc nar\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcten toprak benide doyurur” der ve topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemeye karar verir.Ama ne ekece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken Havva avucunu a\u00e7ar i\u00e7inde cennetten getirdi\u011fi bir bu\u011fday tanesi vard\u0131r.Sevin\u00e7le i\u015fe koyulurlar.<\/p>\n
Adem ak g\u00fcl a\u011fac\u0131n dal\u0131ndan saban yapar.boyunduru\u011fa ko\u015fulup topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flar.bu yorgujn i\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir s\u00fcre sonra iiyice yorulur ve k\u0131m\u0131ldayamaz hale gelir.Havva yard\u0131ma gelir ama bir s\u00fcre sonra da oda yorgunluktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz hale gelir.O y\u0131l az \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131rlar .Bir y\u0131l \u0130ki y\u0131l derken dermanlar\u0131 t\u00fckenir.<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fle s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda yine toprakla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rkan ans\u0131z\u0131n yanlar\u0131nda bir sar\u0131 \u00f6k\u00fcz belirir.Boynunu boyunduru\u011fa do\u011fru uzat\u0131r.Adem bu yorucu i\u015ften kurtuldu\u011funa o kadar sevinirki sar\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlerinden \u00f6per.Ondan sonra her sabana ko\u015ftu\u011funda bu i\u015flem tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re Harran Ovas\u0131 yer y\u00fcz\u00fcnde ilk s\u00fcr\u00fclen,ilk ayak bas\u0131lan toprakt\u0131r.Bu\u011fday\u0131n ak g\u00fcl\u00fcn nar\u0131n kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cennet’ten getirilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131ndand\u0131r.G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00f6k\u00fczleri g\u00f6zlerinden \u00f6pmeleri Adem’den kalma bir gelenektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sa’n\u0131n kutsal Mendili<\/p>\n
Urfa’ya egemen olan y\u00f6netici deva bulmaz bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalan\u0131r.Bir mektup yaz\u0131p \u0130ncil’e inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ,Urfa’ya gelirse halk\u0131yla birlikte kendisine iman edeceklerini \u0130sa’ya bildirir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sa \u00e7ok sevindi\u011fini ama Urfa ya gelemeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yler.Bir mendil y\u00fcz\u00fcne s\u00fcrerek ziyaret\u00e7ilere verir.Mendile y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn resmi \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
El\u00e7iler Urfa’ya yar\u0131m saat kala g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ey\u00fcp Peygamber Makam\u0131 diye bilinen yerde kazayla mendili bir kuyuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler.Suyun y\u00fczeyinde \u0130sa’n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fc belirir.Binbir zorlukla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan mendil y\u00f6neticiye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.Mendil s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr s\u00fcr\u00fclmez yaralar iyile\u015fir.Kutsal say\u0131lan mendil uzun s\u00fcre saklan\u0131r.\u0130slam dini y\u00f6reye egemen olunca m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7er.Memun Bizans’la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015fta yenik d\u00fc\u015fer.Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131nda Bizansl\u0131lar,tutsaklar\u0131n geri verilmesi i\u00e7in<\/p>\n
kutsal mendilin kendilerine teslimini \u015fart ko\u015farlar.Mendil verilir tutsaklar geri al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mendilin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kuyu Hristiyanlar ca kutsal say\u0131l\u0131r.Her y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde geceden oraya gelirler.Adaklar adan\u0131r,t\u00f6renler yap\u0131l\u0131r.Kuyu ba\u015f\u0131na yal\u0131nayak gitme gere\u011fine inanalar \u00e7oktur.Bu y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ,inan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re Paskalya Yortu’nun yirminci g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Peygamber’in ate\u015fe f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 manc\u0131n\u0131klar olarak bilinen s\u00fctunlar ,asl\u0131nda bu kuyu v emendilin an\u0131s\u0131na dikilmi\u015f an\u0131tlard\u0131r.Birnin alt\u0131na bitmeyen alt\u0131n,birinin alt\u0131na bitmeyen su g\u00f6m\u00fcs\u00fc yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.Biri y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa Urfa suya di\u011feri y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rsa alt\u0131na garkolacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Karakoyun Deresi ve H\u0131zmal\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fc s\u00f6ylencesi<\/p>\n
Kentin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda yoksul bir ana o\u011ful ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.O\u011ful kasarc\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131nda kasarc\u0131l\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde y\u00f6reye gelen bir dervi\u015f,birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn delikanl\u0131y\u0131 izledikten sonra :”O\u011flum seni izledim.G\u00f6r\u00fcyorumki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir insans\u0131n Anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ma g\u00f6re dardas\u0131n\u0131z.Yak\u0131nda \u00fclkeme d\u00f6nece\u011fim ,oras\u0131 vars\u0131l bir yerdir.\u0130stersen sende benimle gel” der.Delikanl\u0131 anas\u0131na tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r,kad\u0131nca\u011f\u0131z hi\u00e7olsun o\u011flum yoksulluktan kurtulsun der gitmesine izin verir. Dervi\u015f delikanl\u0131y\u0131 tekkesine getirir ve e\u011fitmeye ba\u015flar.G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde delikanl\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da g\u00fczel bir k\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcr.Ona sevdalan\u0131r.Soru\u015fturulunca sevgilisinin Karakoyunlu Beyi’nin k\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenir.Umutsuzluktan yemekten i\u00e7mekten kesilir.Dervi\u015f durumu \u00f6\u011frenince “tasalanma gider k\u0131z\u0131 isteriz,”der.Ertesi g\u00fcn saraya var\u0131r.Bey \u00f6fkelenir.Ama sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olmas\u0131n diye sesini \u00e7\u0131karmaz.Dervi\u015fe k\u0131rk g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde istedi\u011fi arma\u011fan ve paralar<\/p>\n
getirilince k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fini s\u00f6yler.\u0130stekleri k\u0131rk g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde temin edilecek gibi de\u011fildir.\u00dcstelik dervi\u015fte yoksulun biridir.Durumu \u00f6\u011frenen dervi\u015f umutsuzdur ve g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne erimektedir. K\u0131rk\u0131nc\u0131 g\u00fcn dervi\u015f uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekke avlusunda alt\u0131n mal y\u00fckl\u00fc develerin bekledi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr.Ko\u015fup dervi\u015fe haber verir.Dervi\u015f g\u00fcl\u00fcmser.Al\u0131p bunlar\u0131 beye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.\u00c7aresiz kalan bey k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 verir ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dernek kurulur.<\/p>\n
Dervi\u015f delikanl\u0131y\u0131 gerde\u011fe girmeden bir k\u00f6\u015feye \u00e7eker iki rekat namaz k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sonrada kendisi i\u00e7in dua etmesini s\u00f6yler.Delikanl\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lardan sonra \u00f6ylesine mutlu ve co\u015fkuludur ki namaz k\u0131lar ama dervi\u015f i\u00e7in dua etmeyi unutur.Ertesi g\u00fcn uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendini Kasarc\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131 kenar\u0131nda bulur.Olan olmu\u015ftur.Gidip olanlar\u0131 anas\u0131na anlat\u0131r ve tekrar eski ya\u015famlar\u0131na d\u00f6nerler.<\/p>\n
K\u0131z uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kocas\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131nda g\u00f6remeyince her yeri arat\u0131r,ama izine bile rastlamaz.Dervi\u015fte yitmi\u015ftir.Vakti gelince k\u0131z\u0131n bir o\u011flu olmu\u015ftur.\u00c7ocuk biraz b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce hem gitti\u011fi yerlerde kocas\u0131n\u0131 aramak hemde hac g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in yola koyulur.Urfa’ya var\u0131r.Samsat Kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ad\u0131r kurarken ba\u011fr\u0131\u015fmalar duyar Kentin ortas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en dere ta\u015fm\u0131\u015f evler sular alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Bey k\u0131z\u0131 Birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir yinelenen su bask\u0131n\u0131ndan kenti kurtarmak ister.Hac paras\u0131n\u0131 bu i\u015fe harcayacakt\u0131r.Tellallar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131r halk\u0131 hendek kazmaya davet eder.<\/p>\n
Anas\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fiyle delikal\u0131 da hendek kazanlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde bey k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu bir a\u011flama tutturur,bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc susturulamaz.\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler oyalamak i\u00e7in kucaklar\u0131na al\u0131r elden ele ge\u00e7irirler,\u00e7ocuk babas\u0131n\u0131n kuca\u011f\u0131na gelince susup etraf\u0131na g\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fckler da\u011f\u0131tmaya ba\u015flar.Bey k\u0131z\u0131 delikanl\u0131y\u0131 hendek i\u015finden al\u0131r.\u00c7ocu\u011fu e\u011flemekle g\u00f6revlendirir.<\/p>\n
Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n anas\u0131 o\u011flunun boh\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken alt\u0131n s\u0131rmal\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn elbisesini g\u00f6r\u00fcr.”O\u011flum art\u0131k bu elbise bizim durumumuza yara\u015fmaz,onu kente bunca iyili\u011fi olan hatuna arma\u011fan edelim de<\/p>\n
bizden bir anmal\u0131k olsun”.der.Giysi Bey k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.K\u0131z arma\u011fan\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce kendi el i\u015flemelerini g\u00f6r\u00fcp tan\u0131r.Getirenin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ister.Delikanl\u0131y\u0131 getirirler iki sevdal\u0131 bulu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Bu arada hendek tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Derenin yata\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek ta\u015fk\u0131n tehlikesi \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.Ard\u0131ndan dere \u00fczerine bir de k\u00f6pr\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131r.Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca yenisi yap\u0131ls\u0131n diye k\u00f6pr\u00fc ayaklar\u0131ndan birini alt\u0131na bey k\u0131z\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan alt\u0131n h\u0131zma koyulur.Bu y\u00fczden buraya bey k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Karakoyun Deresi ile ayaklar\u0131ndaki h\u0131zmadan dolay\u0131 da H\u0131zmal\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fc denir .<\/p>\n
Bey k\u0131z\u0131 ile delikanl\u0131 burada mutlu bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrerler.\u00d6l\u00fcnce de Karakoyunlu Deresi’nin kenar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sehrin Lezzet ve Mutfak K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \/ \u00a0Mutlaka tadilmasi gereken Lezzetler:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00c7ORBALAR<\/p>\n
B\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fck \u015eorbas\u0131
\nK\u00fcb\u00fc Leben\u0131 (etsiz) Kab\u0131r\u011fa Suy\u0131 \u015eorba Malhuta
\nHam\u0131rl\u0131 (Ka\u015f\u0131\u011fa Binen)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
ET YEMEKLERI<\/p>\n
K\u0131zartma<\/p>\n
Kab\u0131r\u011fa<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131 Darahl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n
Miftahi Tas Kebab\u0131<\/p>\n
Kapama<\/p>\n
Yo\u011f\u0131rtl\u0131 Et Kavurmas\u0131<\/p>\n
T\u0131r\u0131t<\/p>\n
Malzeme But Sarmas\u0131<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
SEBZE VE \u00a0BAKL\u0130YATLA<\/p>\n
\u00c7a\u011fala A\u015f\u0131
\nBamya Tavas\u0131
\nB\u00fct\u0131n Balcan
\n\u00c7\u00f6p Kebab\u0131 (Saplama)
\nHelep M\u00fcsekke\u2019e\u2019s\u0131 (Helep Ot\u0131rtmas\u0131) F\u0131renk Tavas\u0131<\/p>\n
Helep Tavas\u0131 \u0130sot \u00c7\u00f6lmeg\u0131<\/p>\n
Kazan Kebab\u0131
\nKemel\u0131 Tas Kebab\u0131 K\u0131ymal\u0131 S\u00f6g\u00fclme Sacbast\u0131 (Saca Basma)<\/p>\n
P\u00fcr Lezzet Has Dolmas\u0131<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0130LAVLAR<\/p>\n
Bademli Pilav<\/p>\n
Buhara Pilav\u0131
\n(M\u0131\u011fr\u0131b\u0131 veya P\u0131r\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131 Pilav)<\/p>\n
\u011eezve Pilav\u0131<\/p>\n
M\u00fcceddelel\u0131 Bur\u011ful A\u015f\u0131
\n(B\u00fct\u0131n Mecmekl\u0131 veya Hesbel\u0131 Bur\u011ful A\u015f\u0131) \u00dczlemel\u0131 Pilav<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
DOLMALAR<\/p>\n
\u2018Ec\u0131r \u2018Ennazig\u0131\u2018
\nDolma
\nKelle
\nSarma (Yaprak Sarmas\u0131)<\/p>\n
Kelle-Sarma Sarma : Datl\u0131 Dolma<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f Kaba\u011f\u0131 Ot\u0131rtmas\u0131 (K\u0131\u015f Kaba\u011f\u0131 \u2018Ennazigi)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
KEBAPLAR<\/p>\n
Kemel\u0131 Kebap Balcanl\u0131 Kebap F\u0131renkl\u0131 Kebap Ha\u015fha\u015f Kebab\u0131 Yo\u011f\u0131rtl\u0131 Kebap T\u0131ke Kebab\u0131<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00d6FTELER<\/p>\n
Aya K\u0131ftes\u0131
\n\u00c7\u0131k\u0131fte
\nDolmal\u0131 K\u0131fte
\n\u0130\u00e7l\u0131 K\u0131fte (K\u0131ymal\u0131 Aya K\u0131ftesi) L\u0131kl\u0131k\u0131<\/p>\n
Yahud\u0131 K\u0131ftes\u0131 (Masluka) Y\u0131m\u0131rtal\u0131 K\u0131fte<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
HAMUR \u0130\u015eLER\u0130<\/p>\n
A\u011fz\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131h
\nA\u011fz\u0131 Yum\u0131h
\nH\u0131tap
\nLehmecun (K\u0131ymal\u0131) K\u0131ymal\u0131 Semsek Pend\u0131rl\u0131 Ekmek (Ac\u0131l\u0131) Pend\u0131rl\u0131 Semsek<\/p>\n
Ya\u011fl\u0131 D\u00f6gme\u00e7 D\u00f6gme\u00e7 Ekmek A\u015f\u0131 Ha\u015fha\u015f Kehke<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
SALATALAR<\/p>\n
Bostana
\nY\u0131m\u0131rta Bostanas\u0131 Zeytun Bostanas\u0131 Pa\u015fa Salatas\u0131
\nF\u0131renk Suy\u0131 Bostana Lolaz D\u00fcrm\u0131g\u0131 E\u015fk\u0131l\u0131
\nMalzeme
\nS\u0131ht\u0131\u015for
\nBah\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131 Bostanas\u0131<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
TATLILAR<\/p>\n
\u2018E\u015f\u0131r A\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
H\u0131rtlev\u0131k (Sar\u011f\u0131l\u0131 Burma-Sar\u0131\u011f\u0131 Burma) Kebbat Re\u00e7eli<\/p>\n
Keday\u0131f Dem\u0131r Datl\u0131s\u0131 Kesme K\u00fcnc\u0131l\u0131 Ak\u0131t<\/p>\n
Mehellebyel\u0131 Ketmer<\/p>\n
Pend\u0131rl\u0131 Helva Pal\u0131za<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0131ll\u0131k
\nKoruh \u015eurub\u0131<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
D\u0130\u011eER T\u00dcRLER<\/p>\n
\u0130sot Re\u00e7eli
\nHed\u0131k (Noh\u0131t Hed\u0131g\u0131) Nar Bekmez\u0131 Kavur\u011fa
\nKuru \u0130sot<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Mutlaka g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerler:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Urfa M\u00fczesi, Kurtulu\u015f M\u00fczesi, F\u0131rf\u0131rl\u0131 Camii, Selahattin Eyy\u00fcbi Camii, Cevahir Konuk Evi, Halepli Bah\u00e7e Mozaikleri, Halil\u2019\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc (Bal\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6l), Ayn Zeliha G\u00f6l\u00fc, Urfa Kalesi, Mevlid-i Halil Ma\u011faras\u0131 (Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Do\u011fdu\u011fu Makam), Sipahi Pazar\u0131, Kazaz Pazar\u0131, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131, H\u00fcseyniye \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n
(Bak\u0131rc\u0131lar \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131), Dabakhane, Meclis Evi, Mevlevihane Camii, Tarihi Urfa Sokaklar\u0131, 58 Meydan\u0131, Reji Kilisesi, Nimetullah Camii, Yorganc\u0131 Sokak, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131, Ulu Camii, G\u00fczel Sanatlar Galerisi, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bah\u00e7esi, G\u00f6bekli Tepe,<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u015eANLIURFA M\u00dcZES\u0130<\/p>\n
\u015eanl\u0131urfa’da m\u00fcze kurma giri\u015fimleri 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda, m\u00fczelik eserlerin toplanmas\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkokulu’nda depolanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar ve daha sonra bu eserler \u015eehit Nusret \u0130lkokulu’na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Mevcut m\u00fczemizin 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda temeli at\u0131l\u0131r ve 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.
\nGe\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze il genelinde yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve vatanda\u015flardan al\u0131nan<\/p>\n
m\u00fczelik eserlerle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz m\u00fczesi olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. \u015eanl\u0131urfa Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi sahip oldu\u011fu 74.000 eser say\u0131s\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 5. b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fczesidir. M\u00fczede sergilenen eserlerin say\u0131sal niteli\u011finden \u00e7ok ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6nemlidir. M\u00fczemiz, eserlerin \u00f6zellikleri ve nitelikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli m\u00fczelerinden biridir. 11.500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin bir\u00e7ok eseri \u015eanl\u0131urfa M\u00fczesi\u2019nde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok ilin sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turizm potansiyelini o ilin m\u00fczesinde bulabilirsiniz. Ancak \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131 bir m\u00fczeye s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u015eanl\u0131urfa, il genelinde yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00e7ok kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lan ilidir. Bu ba\u011flamda kent merkezi ve iki il\u00e7e merkezi kentsel sit alan\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir. Yani \u015eanl\u0131urfa adeta \u201cA\u00e7\u0131k Hava M\u00fczesi\u201d\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
MAHMUD NED\u0130M KONA\u011eI (\u015eANLIURFA KURTULU\u015e M\u00dcZES\u0130)<\/p>\n
Devlet Hastanesi yak\u0131n\u0131ndad\u0131r. 1903 tarihinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Avrupai tarzda konak mimarisi ile geleneksel tarzda Urfa evi mimarisinin kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip olan ve olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lan konak, haremlik ve selaml\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerindeki d\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015f yap\u0131lardan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Urfa Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Frans\u0131z i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Duvarlar\u0131nda o g\u00fcnlerden kalan top ve mermi izlerini g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan onar\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve 11 Nisan 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u015eanl\u0131urfa Kurtulu\u015f M\u00fczesi\u201d olarak hizmete sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
FIRFIRLI CAM\u0130\u0130 (ON \u0130K\u0130 HAVAR\u0130 K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 \u2013 AZ\u0130Z HAVAR\u0130LER K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ali Fuat Bey Caddesi\u2019nde (Yeniyol) bulunan yap\u0131 Oniki Havari Kilisesi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131 kilise olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kaynaklara g\u00f6re H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ve Van b\u00f6lgesindeki Varak Manast\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan \u201cVarak Ha\u00e7\u0131\u201d 1092 y\u0131l\u0131nda Urfa\u2019ya getirilerek bu kiliseye (Aziz Havariyun Kilisesi) konulmu\u015ftur. Caminin mihrab\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kitabeden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda kiliseden camiye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Caminin ta\u015f bezemelerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de halk aras\u0131nda F\u0131rf\u0131rl\u0131 Cami olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131 kesme ta\u015ftan, \u00fc\u00e7 nefli bazilika plan d\u00fczeninde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 cephesi ile k\u00f6\u015fe kulelerinde son derece g\u00fczel bir ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Naosun(ana ibadet<\/p>\n
mekan\u0131n) orta nefi(b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) kubbe ile, yan nefleri ise tonozla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunlardan orta nef daha geni\u015f olup, \u00fczerini \u00f6rten kubbenin y\u00fcksek kasna\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde 24 pencere yer almaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n kubbe ve tonozlar\u0131nda bazalt ta\u015f\u0131, mukarnas ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fctun ve kemerlerinde de kesme ta\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131n\u0131n dikkat \u00e7eken y\u00f6nlerinden birisi de yar\u0131m s\u00fctunlar ile d\u0131\u015f cephelerdeki ta\u015f duvarda bulunan bezemelerdir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
SELAHADD\u0130N EYYUB\u0130 CAM\u0130\u0130 (AZ\u0130Z JOHANNES PRODROMOS ADDA\u0130 K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da Vali Fuat Bey Caddesi\u2019nde (Yeniyol) bulunan bu caminin yerinde 457y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Aziz Youhanna (Vaftizci Yahya) Kilisesi bulunuyordu. Selahattin Eyyubi d\u00f6neminde k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre cami olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XIX y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, burada bulunan eski kilisenin \u00fczerine bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemi itibar\u0131 ile b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kilise olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla katedral olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar harap durumda kalm\u0131\u015f ve bir ara elektrik santrali olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 28 May\u0131s 1993\u2019te onar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131larak ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Caminin yap\u0131 malzemesi kesme<\/p>\n
ta\u015f olup, plan itibar\u0131 ile mihraba paralel \u00fc\u00e7 sah\u0131ndan (b\u00f6l\u00fcmden) olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Caminin yap\u0131m\u0131nda bazilika plan \u00fcslubu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczeri, i\u00e7ten be\u015fik tonoz; d\u0131\u015ftan da d\u00fcz dam ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sah\u0131nlar\u0131n orta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yan sah\u0131nlardan daha geni\u015f ve daha y\u00fcksektir. Caminin giri\u015fi bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olup, son cemaat yeri de daha \u00f6nceki kilisenin narteksinden yararlan\u0131larak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130badet mek\u00e2n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pencerelerle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131 \u00fczerindeki pencerelerin kenarlar\u0131nda kiliseden kalan yar\u0131m s\u00fctunlar ve birbirlerine dolanm\u0131\u015f ejder kabartmalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK HACI MUSTAFA HACIK\u00c2M\u0130LO\u011eLU KONA\u011eI (CEVAH\u0130R KONUKEV\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0 \u015eanl\u0131urfa merkezinde, Vali Fuat Caddesi (B\u00fcy\u00fckyol-Yeniyol)’nin, Halil-\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc’ne yak\u0131n kesiminde, Selahaddin-i Eyyubi Camii’nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130ki katl\u0131 olan konakta, develik, hizmet\u00e7i odalar\u0131, tuvalet, misafir odalar\u0131, havuzlu bir hayat, zerzenbe, tand\u0131rl\u0131k ve sarn\u0131\u00e7 gibi geleneksel Urfa evlerinde bulunan yap\u0131lar mevcuttur. Bu tarihi konak, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Harem ve selaml\u0131k olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r. Konakta in\u015faat malzemesi olarak \u00fcnl\u00fc Urfa ta\u015f\u0131 (Hevara) kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hac\u0131 Mustafa Hac\u0131k\u00e2milo\u011flu Kona\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinen bu konak, emekli valilerden Cemal Mirkelamo\u011flu’nun varisleri temsilen sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi ve manevi destek sonucunda \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fince \u0130l \u00d6zel \u0130daresi ad\u0131na 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131narak restore edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
MOZA\u0130KLER \u015eEHR\u0130 URFA – HALEPL\u0130BAH\u00c7E MOZA\u0130KLER\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eanl\u0131urfa merkezdeki Halil\u2019\u00fcr-Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, gecekondular alt\u0131nda kalan Antik Edessa Kentinin Grek k\u00fclt\u00fcr kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemlisi \u00e7ok renkli ve usta bir \u00fcsl\u00fbpla yap\u0131lan Halepli Bah\u00e7ede mozaiklerdir. Edessa Kenti, arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 beklemektedir. Grek imparatorluk mozaik gelene\u011fi, M.\u00d6. 132-M.S. 244 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Osrhoene Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yerel bir \u00fcslupla devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu antik kentin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki Halepli Bah\u00e7ede, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 3000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Egeden, Karadeniz\u2019e ve Anadolu\u2019nun i\u00e7lerine uzanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr havzas\u0131nda, erkek egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n av sahnesi mozai\u011fi bulundu. Mozaiklerin ilk tespiti Yrd.Do\u00e7.Dr Bahattin \u00c7EL\u0130K ve Arkeolog Ali UYGUN taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Amazon kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bu havza i\u00e7erindeki devletlerin ve milletlerin mitoloji, tarih ve edebiyat\u0131nda efsanevi olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Halepli Bah\u00e7e Mozaiklerinde \u201cSava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Amazon Krali\u00e7elerinin Mozai\u011fe Resmedilmi\u015f D\u00fcnyadaki \u0130lk \u00d6rnekleri\u201dne rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uzmanlar, Halepli Bah\u00e7e Mozaiklerini mozaik tekni\u011fi, sanat\u0131 ve 4 mm2 ebad\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehri\u2019nin orijinal ta\u015flar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve benzeri \u00f6zelliklerinden<\/p>\n
dolay\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u0131ymetli mozai\u011fi olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131rlar. Halepli Bah\u00e7e\u2019de \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fi imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla \u015eanl\u0131urfa Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve arkeologlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n nezaretinde, ilk etapta 100 m2\u2019lik mozaik g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alan\u0131n tamam\u0131nda tarama yap\u0131l\u0131p varsa di\u011fer mozaikler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ve belki de buluntu yerinde koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131p sergilenecektir. Av sahnesi mozai\u011finin kenar bord\u00fcrlerinde, geometrik motifler, bitki desenleri, g\u00fcvercin, kanats\u0131z Eros, sincap, \u00f6rdek, kaplan, keklik, ceylan ve taz\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Haleplibah\u00e7e\u2019de yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu farkl\u0131 mozaikler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri Truva Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131ndan Akileus(A\u015fil)\u2019dir. Alanda A\u015fil\u2019in hayat hik\u00e2yesini konu alan taban mozai\u011fi, \u015eanl\u0131urfa M\u00fczesi arkeologlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve Roma d\u00f6nemine tarihlenen yer \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131 hamam da alan\u0131n nedenli \u00f6nemli bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n
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ATE\u015e\u0130N SER\u0130N VE SELAMET OLDU\u011eU YER HAL\u0130L-\u00dcR RAHMAN G\u00d6L\u00dc (BALIKLIG\u00d6L) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eehirdeki tarihi ve kutsal mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, R\u0131zvaniye Camii\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunanBal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l, 150 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 30 metre geni\u015fli\u011findedir. Derinli\u011fi 3-5 metre civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde efsanelere konu olan sazan t\u00fcr\u00fc bal\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu bal\u0131klara halk taraf\u0131ndan sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir ve yenilmesi yasakt\u0131r. \u0130slami kaynaklara, Hz. \u0130brahim ate\u015fe at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, bir mucize ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve etraf g\u00fcll\u00fck g\u00fclistanl\u0131k olur. Bu mucizenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi mek\u00e2n\u0131n Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l ve \u00e7evresi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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HAL\u0130L-\u00dcR RAHMAN CAM\u0130\u0130 Cami Halil-\u00dcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn(Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l) hemen yan\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Selahattin Eyyubi\u2019nin Ye\u011feni El Melik\u2019\u00fcl E\u015fref Muzaffer\u00fcddin Musa taraf\u0131ndan 1211\u20131212 y\u0131llar\u0131nda in\u015fa ettirilmi\u015ftir. Cami halk aras\u0131nda \u201cD\u00f6\u015feme Camisi\u201d ve ya \u201cMakam Camisi\u201d olarak ta isimlendirilmektedir. Harap durumda olan cami, Eyy\u00fcbi mimari \u00f6zelliklerini 1810 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kapsaml\u0131 onar\u0131mdan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yitirmi\u015ftir. Evliya \u00c7elebi Seyahatnamesi\u2019nde bu camiden \u0130brahim Halil Tekkesi olarak bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n
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RIZVAN\u0130YE CAM\u0130\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0 Halil-\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc(Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l)’n\u00fcn kuzey kenar\u0131nda bulunan cami, 1717(Hicri.1129) y\u0131l\u0131nda Rakka Valisi R\u0131dvan Ahmet Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Plan olarak mihraba paralel dikd\u00f6rtgen yap\u0131l\u0131<\/p>\n
olan cami, \u00fc\u00e7 kubbeli olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Caminin do\u011fusunda tek \u015ferefeli bir minare yer al\u0131r. Harim giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 iki renkli malzeme kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kap\u0131ya ayr\u0131 bir g\u00fczellik kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Harim k\u0131sm\u0131(ana ibadet mek\u00e2n\u0131) her y\u00f6nden a\u00e7\u0131lan pencereleri ile olduk\u00e7a ayd\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131r. S\u00fcsleme olarak yap\u0131n\u0131n en ilgin\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fcndekari tekni\u011finin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden birine sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ah\u015fap kap\u0131, \u00e7ivi kullan\u0131lmadan ge\u00e7me ve kakma tekni\u011fiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kap\u0131 \u00fczerinde zengin bitkisel ve geometrik desenler bulunmaktad\u0131r. R\u0131zvaniye giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Urfa\u2019da bir e\u015fi daha yoktur. Caminin minaresi, sekizgen g\u00f6vdeli olup, \u015ferefesi mukarnasl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HASAN PAD\u0130\u015eAH CAM\u0130\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l civar\u0131nda, Akarba\u015f\u0131 mevkiinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kesin yap\u0131m tarihi bilinmeyen Hasan Padi\u015fah Camisi 15.yy\u2019nin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na tarihlenmektedir. \u015eeyh Abdurrahman o\u011flu Hac\u0131 Yakub taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1927 y\u0131l\u0131na ait kay\u0131tlarda Akkoyunlu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Uzun Hasan ad\u0131na yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Caminin isminin de Uzun Hasan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Cami 1796, 1874 ve 1968 y\u0131llar\u0131nda; minaresi ise Halil Bey taraf\u0131ndan 1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda onar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halil\u2019\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nden gelen su, bu caminin avlusundan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
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AYNZEL\u0130HA G\u00d6L\u00dc \u00a0 Halil-\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn hemen g\u00fcneyinde, Urfa Kalesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer almakta olup, 150m2 alan\u0131 bulunan bir g\u00f6ld\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6ldeki bal\u0131klar da mek\u00e2n\u0131n kutsal oldu\u011funa inan\u00e7la yenmez. Rivayetlere g\u00f6re, Hz \u0130brahim ate\u015fe at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Nemrut\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131 Zeliha da Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019i \u00e7ok sevdi\u011finden ate\u015fe at\u0131lmas\u0131na dayanamaz, o da kendisini ate\u015fe atar. Zeliha’n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde bir g\u00f6l olu\u015fur. Bu g\u00f6le de Aynzeliha (Zeliha G\u00f6l\u00fc veya P\u0131nar\u0131) ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n
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\u015eANLIURFA KALES\u0130 Urfa Kalesi\u2019nin M.\u00d6. 9500 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait neolitik bir yerle\u015fim h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerine kuruldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Kalenin yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa M\u00fczesinde sergilenen 11.500 y\u0131l\u0131k Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6lHeykeli kale d\u00e2hil Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l havzas\u0131n\u0131n tarihini bilimsel olarak vermektedir. Kalenin \u00fczerindeki korinth ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 iki s\u00fctun Edessa Karal\u0131 IX. MANU d\u00f6neminde, M.S. 240-242 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birer an\u0131t s\u00fctun olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaledeki iki s\u00fctunun aras\u0131 14 m. olup, y\u00fckseklikleri 17.25 m. s\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00e7evresi ise 4.60 metredir. Do\u011fudaki s\u00fctunun kente bakan y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn 3 metre yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki S\u00fcryanice kitabede: “Ben askeri komutan BAR\u015eAMA\u015e (G\u00fcne\u015fin o\u011flu)’in o\u011flu AFTUHA. Bu s\u00fctunu ve \u00fczerindeki heykeli veliaht Prens MANU k\u0131z\u0131, kral MANU e\u015fi, han\u0131mefendim ve velinimetim krali\u00e7e \u015eALMETH i\u00e7in yapt\u0131m” yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Kalenin s\u00fct\u00fcn hari\u00e7 di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 M.S. 814 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abbasiler d\u00f6neminde yeniden restore edilmi\u015ftir. Urfa Kalesi\u2019nin, \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 kayadan oyma derin savunma hende\u011fi ile \u00e7evrilidir, kuzey taraf\u0131 ise sarp kayal\u0131kt\u0131r. Urfa Kalesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lacak bir arkeolojik kaz\u0131da M.\u00d6. 9500 y\u0131l\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemine bir\u00e7ok uygarl\u0131\u011fa ait k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131k ve bu uygarl\u0131klara ait yap\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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MEVL\u0130D-\u0130 HAL\u0130L MA\u011eARASI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mevlid-i Halil Ma\u011faras\u0131, Dergah Platosu denen alan i\u00e7erisinde Bal\u0131kl\u0131g\u00f6l civar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Mevlid, \u201ckutlu do\u011fum\u201d demektir. Hz. \u0130brahim Peygamberin bu ma\u011farada do\u011fdu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan halk taraf\u0131ndan Mevlid-i Halil Ma\u011faras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan suyun zemzemden sonra en \u015fifal\u0131 su oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
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S\u0130PAH\u0130 PAZARI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131’n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na biti\u015fik olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, kapal\u0131 bir \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcmr\u00fckhan\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 tarihte hana gelenlerin hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. D\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015flardan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kuzey-g\u00fcney istikametinde be\u015fik tonozla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tonozun \u00fczerinde belirli aral\u0131klarla ayd\u0131nlatma pencereleri b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerden yar\u0131m metre y\u00fckseklikte kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar yer al\u0131r. D\u00f6rt kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r, Kazaz Pazar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi 1741 tarihli R\u0131zvan Ahmet Pa\u015fa Vakfiyesi\u2019nden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fince restore edilen \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hal\u0131c\u0131lar \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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KAZZAZ PAZARI (BEDESTEN) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine biti\u015fik olarak 1562 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. 1740 tarihli R\u0131zvan Ahmet Pa\u015fa Vakfiyesi’nde Bezzazistan ad\u0131yla ge\u00e7en bu \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tamir ettirildi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 \u015feklindeki Bedesten d\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fuda Han \u00d6n\u00fc \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131’na a\u00e7\u0131lan ana kap\u0131s\u0131, Sipahi Pazar\u0131’na a\u00e7\u0131lan Bat\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131, Pamuk\u00e7u Pazar\u0131’na a\u00e7\u0131lan g\u00fcney kap\u0131s\u0131 ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131’na a\u00e7\u0131lan kuzey kap\u0131s\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 4 kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, sipahi pazar\u0131ndaki bir d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakfiyesinden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131da sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu iki s\u0131ra halinde uzayan d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar bir metre y\u00fcksekteyken 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u015eURKAV\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenileme s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer seviyesine indirilmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00f6resel giysi ve aksesuarlar\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eanl\u0131urfa Bedesteni Anadolu’da otantik de\u011ferini yitirmeyen ender \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131lardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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G\u00dcMR\u00dcK HANI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015fimiye Meydan\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman zaman\u0131nda 1563 y\u0131l\u0131nda Urfa Sancakbeyi Halhall\u0131 Behram Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evliya \u00c7elebi Seyahatnamesinde “Yetmi\u015f Han\u0131” olarak an\u0131lanG\u00fcmr\u00fck Han\u0131, \u015eanl\u0131urfa’daki hanlar\u0131n en g\u00fczel ve an\u0131tsal \u00f6rneklerindendir. D\u0131\u015f cepheleri kaplayan iki renkli kesme ta\u015flardan dolay\u0131 \u201cAlaca Han\u201d ad\u0131yla da bilinir. Avlusundan Halil-\u00fcr Rahman G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn suyu ge\u00e7mektedir. \u0130ki katl\u0131 bu han\u0131n \u00fcst kat\u0131ndaki odalarda terziler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, avlusunda \u00e7ayhaneler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Han\u0131n kare avlusunun etraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00f6n k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 revakl\u0131 ikinci kat odalar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Giri\u015f eyvan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczeri mescit olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda R\u0131zvaniye Vakf\u0131’n\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla \u015eanl\u0131urfa K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Sanat ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 (\u015eURKAV) taraf\u0131ndan restore edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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H\u00dcSEYN\u0130YE \u00c7AR\u015eILARI (BAKIRCILAR \u00c7AR\u015eISI) \u00a0 \u00c7ad\u0131rc\u0131 Pazar\u0131 ile Kazanc\u0131 Pazar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, kuzey g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde birbirine paralel olarak uzanan ve her biri 15’er \u00e7apraz tonozla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc iki kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131,1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hartaviz\u00e2de Haf\u0131z Muhammet Selim Efendinin o\u011flu H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131larda sa\u011fl\u0131 sollu d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ayd\u0131nlatma pencereleri yer al\u0131r. D\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015flardan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130n\u015fa edildi\u011fi y\u0131llarda Hal\u0131, Kilim, Ke\u00e7e ve benzeri yayg\u0131lar\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ara Yemenici Pazar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve son olarak Bak\u0131rc\u0131 esnaf\u0131na tahsis edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131lardan biri Bak\u0131rc\u0131lar di\u011feri ise Beyaz e\u015fya sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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DEBBAKHANE \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u015eanl\u0131urfa’da, Debba\u011fl\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00e7ok eski\u00aclere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu sanat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde fabrika t\u00fcr\u00fc derilere yenik d\u00fc\u015ferek tamamen terkedilmi\u015f bir durumdad\u0131r. G\u00f6n debba\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve deri debba\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lan bu zanaat\u0131n her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ayr\u0131 debba\u011fh\u00e2nelerde ve ayr\u0131 ustalar taraf\u0131ndan icra edi\u00aclirdi. G\u00f6n debba\u011flar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 debba\u011fh\u00e2nede, deri debba\u011flar\u0131 da yukar\u0131 debba\u011fh\u00e2nede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. 1883 tarihli Halep Vil\u00e2yet Salnamesi\u2019nde her iki debba\u011fh\u00e2neden s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
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MECL\u0130S EV\u0130 (\u015eAHAP BAKIR EV\u0130 \u2013 \u0130SA BEDEN EV\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arabizade Re\u015fit Efendi evi olarak ta bilinen bu ev P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 Mahallesi K\u00f6leler sokaktad\u0131r. Bu eve bir tetirbe (\u00c7\u0131kmaz Sokak) sonundaki kap\u0131dan girilir. Kap\u0131s\u0131 geleneksel Urfa evlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ift \u00e7enetlidir (\u00e7ift kanatl\u0131). Kap\u0131 \u00fczerindeki madalyon \u015feklindeki kitabede yer alan H 1192 (M1778 tarihi) b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla evin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihidir. Haremlik ve selaml\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden olu\u015fan tarihi ev kap\u0131 aras\u0131, hayat, havuz, \u00e7i\u00e7eklik, zerzembe (kiler), tand\u0131rl\u0131k, camhane (Duvara g\u00f6mme ni\u015fler), eyvan, haremlikle selaml\u0131k aras\u0131nda yemek servisini sa\u011flayan d\u00f6nme dolap gibi Urfa evlerinin t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u015eanl\u0131urfa Merkezde m\u00fclkiyeti \u00d6zel \u0130dare\u2019ye ait olan 2 katl\u0131 ve 2 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan Meclis Evi, Valilik Makam\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile \u0130limizde olu\u015fturulan \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma B\u00f6lge Kurulu\u201dna tahsis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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MEVLEV\u0130HANE CAM\u0130\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015fimiye Meydan\u0131’n\u0131n do\u011fusunda bulunan yap\u0131, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mevlevilerin zikir yapmak \u00fczere toplanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 Mevlevihane olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kubbesinin d\u0131\u015f \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda “Mevlevi Sikkesi” mevcut olup, tekkelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra cami olarak ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131, Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’nce haz\u0131rlanan bir proje d\u00e2hilinde restore edilmi\u015ftir. Cami kare planl\u0131 ve \u00fczeri tek kubbe ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yap\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 cephesine biti\u015fik olan \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131, daha \u00f6nce kasaplar \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak hizmet vermekteyken son d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131lan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, restorasyon ve \u00e7evre d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sonra hediyelik e\u015fyalar\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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TAR\u0130H\u0130 URFA SOKAKLARI \u00a0 \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n tarihi mimari dokusunun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sokaklar ve evler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce g\u00fczel ev ve sokaktan olu\u015fan bu dokunun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bozulmadan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 turizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kazan\u00e7t\u0131r. Sivil mimari dokusunun ve an\u0131tsal mimari dokusunun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ender \u015fehirlerden biri olan \u015eanl\u0131urfa, UNESCO\u2019nun D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Listesi\u2019ne aday bir ildir. \u00c7ok say\u0131daki tarihi sokak aras\u0131nda Arabi Camii Soka\u011f\u0131, At Pazar\u0131 Soka\u011f\u0131, G\u00fcll\u00fco\u011flu Soka\u011f\u0131, H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa Sokak, \u0130rfaniye Sokak, Karanl\u0131k Kap\u0131 Sokak, Madenli Sokak, Yorganc\u0131 Sokak ve Zincirli Sokak y\u00fcksek duvarlar\u0131, soka\u011fa ta\u015fk\u0131n cumbalar\u0131, kabalt\u0131<\/p>\n
denilen be\u015fik tonoz \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ge\u00e7itleriyle izleyenlerin ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir. Tetirbe, \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da bir\u00e7ok sokakta rastlanan, genellikle 5-15 m. Uzunlu\u011funda, 1,5-2,5 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde olan \u00e7\u0131kmaz sokaklara verilen isimdir. Bu \u00e7\u0131kmaz sokaklar mahallenin ana yolundan ayr\u0131larak daha da bir ki\u015fiselle\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zel yollar olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Genellikle orada oturan ailelerin adlar\u0131yla bilinir.<\/p>\n
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ELL\u0130SEK\u0130Z MEYDANI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nimetullah Mahallesindeki Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemine ait d\u00f6rt soka\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan tarihi yap\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir meydand\u0131r. Bu meydan\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Kurtulu\u015f \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulu (Numune Mektebi- XIX. Yy. sonlar\u0131), do\u011fusunda \u015eeyh Saffet Tekkesi(1892), \u015eeyh Saffet \u00c7e\u015fmesi (1891) ve Muhammet Muhyiddin T\u00fcrbesi (1795), kuzeyinde Reji Kilisesi (1861), kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda ise XV. yy\u2019a ait Nimetullah Caminin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu meydan adeta bir \u201cHo\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc Meydan\u0131\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n
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REJ\u0130 K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 (AZ\u0130Z PETRUS ve AZ\u0130Z PAULUS K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aziz Petrus ve Aziz Paulus Kilisesi olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en yap\u0131, Ellisekiz Meydan\u0131’n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusundad\u0131r. Yap\u0131, 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda, VI. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait bir kilise kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kilise, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n iki havarisinin an\u0131s\u0131na in\u015fa edildi\u011finden onlar\u0131n ismini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131na yani Urfal\u0131 S\u00fcryanilerin Halep’e(Suriye) g\u00f6\u00e7 edi\u015flerine kadar, aktif olar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aziz Petrus ve Aziz Paulus Kilisesi, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fct\u00fcn, T\u00fct\u00fcn Mam\u00fclleri, Tuz ve Alkol \u0130\u015fletmeleri A.\u015e. (TEKEL) \u0130daresine verilir. Tekel idaresi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131 \u00f6nce t\u00fct\u00fcn fabrikas\u0131 sonra \u00fcz\u00fcm deposu olarak kullan\u0131r. Kilise, halk taraf\u0131ndan Tekel kelimesinin Frans\u0131zca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Regie (Reji)’den dolay\u0131 “Reji Kilisesi” olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Kiliseden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 Urfa M\u00fczesi’nde g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Kilise, \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda restore edilerek, 24 May\u0131s 2002 tarihinde \u201cVali Kemalettin Gazezo\u011flu K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi\u201d olarak hizmete girmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn hala \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyal etkinlikler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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N\u0130METULLAH CAM\u0130\u0130 (AK CAM\u0130\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0 Nimetullah Camii, Nimetullah Mahallesindeki Ellisekiz Meydan\u0131\u2019nda bulunmakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda caminin 1500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Urfa Sancakbeylerinden Nimetullah Bey taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirildi\u011fi ifade edilse de kesinlik bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Harim k\u0131sm\u0131na(ana ibadet mek\u00e2n\u0131) giri\u015fteki kap\u0131 Klasik Osmanl\u0131 Portalleri taz\u0131nda mukarnasl\u0131 olup g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011ferdir. Yap\u0131 plan \u00f6zelli\u011fi itibariyle Edirne \u00dc\u00e7 \u015eerefeli Camii ile benzerlik g\u00f6sterir. Ana kubbenin bulundu\u011fu orta mek\u00e2n do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 yanlar\u0131na eklenen yar\u0131m kubbelerle geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece daha fazla cemaatin ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2nda ibadet etmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu plan \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha sonra in\u015fa edilen \u00c7akeri Camiinde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131da s\u00fcsleme olarak; mihrab ni\u015findeki sekizgenlerin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu geometrik s\u00fcslemeler dikkat \u00e7eker. Sekizgenlerde olu\u015fan geometrik kompozisyon H\u0131zano\u011flu ve Yusuf Pa\u015fa Camilerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Caminin onar\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda caminin 1756 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hac\u0131 Haydar A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan onar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilse de, onar\u0131m\u0131n 1722 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayn\u0131 soydan gelen Hac\u0131 Nimetullah Bin Asker taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten kaynaklarda vard\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Minare, caminin kuzey bat\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fesinde yer al\u0131r. Silindirik g\u00f6vdeli ve tek \u015ferefeli olarak in\u015fa edilen minare tescilli camilerimiz i\u00e7inde en uzunu olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder. Avluyu<\/p>\n
\u00e7evreleyen medrese odalar\u0131 1695 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abbas A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avlunun kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131nda ki zeminde bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 mezardan ikisi Nimetullah o\u011flu R\u00fbz Bey (?-1520) ve L\u00fctf\u00fc o\u011flu Ali Bey (?-1594)’e aittir. Her iki mezar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu t\u00fcrbe yak\u0131n zamanda restore edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n tarihi dokusunun korundu\u011fu en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6lgelerden olan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Adas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanan tarihi adan\u0131n kuzey kesimini olu\u015fturan sokakt\u0131r. Nimetullah Cami ile Y\u0131ld\u0131z Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flar. Bir\u00e7ok evin restore edildi\u011fi bu sokakta baz\u0131 evler y\u00f6resel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 birer konukevine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 YILDIZ SARAYI KONUKEV\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0 Geleneksel Urfa ev mimarisinin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden biri olan tarihi ev, haremlik ve selaml\u0131k olmak \u00fczere iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Geni\u015f avlusu ve s\u00fcslemeleriyle dikkat \u00e7eken yap\u0131, restore edilerek konukevine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Halen, \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131 Konukevi\u201d olarak, restaurant olarak hizmet vermekte ve s\u0131ra gecesi organizasyonlar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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ULU CAM\u0130\u0130 \u00a0\u00a0 Cami, \u015fehir merkezinde Divanyolu Caddesinde yer al\u0131r. Yap\u0131m tarihi belirlenemeyen, “K\u0131z\u0131l Kilise” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, eski bir kilisenin yerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Eski yap\u0131ya ait avlu duvarlar\u0131, s\u00fctunlar, s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00e7an kulesi halen mevcuttur. Caminin in\u015fa kitabesi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kim taraf\u0131ndan ve ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. Mevcut kaynaklara g\u00f6re yap\u0131 mihraba paralel \u00fc\u00e7 sah\u0131ndan(b\u00f6l\u00fcmden) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mihrab \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir de kubbe yer al\u0131r. Harim k\u0131sm\u0131nda(ana ibadet alan\u0131-i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131m) d\u00f6rt giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 yer al\u0131r. Son cemaat yeri de dahil olmak \u00fczere yap\u0131da, \u00fcst \u00f6rt\u00fc olarak, tonoz kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Urfa Ulu Camii plan olarak, Halep<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Nureddin Mahmud Zengi taraf\u0131ndan tamir ettirilip bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015feklini alan Halep Ulu Camii\u2019ne benzemektedir. Bu nedenle Urfa Ulu Camii’nin de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. \u0130slam fetihlerinden sonra, s\u00fctunlarda kullan\u0131lan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mermerler ve kilise ile ili\u015fkisinden dolay\u0131 \u201cMescid \u00fcl- Hamra (K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mescit)\u201d olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. Caminin harim k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir kuyu yer al\u0131r. Halk aras\u0131ndaki bir inan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n, Kral Abgar\u2019a Havarisi Thomas\u2019la g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mendil bu kuyuya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle camiinin i\u00e7indeki kuyunun suyu, \u015fifal\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Avlunun kuzeydo\u011fu k\u00f6\u015fesinde eski kiliseden kalma \u00e7an kulesi yer al\u0131r. Bu<\/p>\n
kule, \u0130slam fetihlerinden sonra minare olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yap\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir minare yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Minareye Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde bir saat eklenerek saat kulesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Minare, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015fehrin ilk ve tek saat kulesi g\u00f6revini de g\u00f6rmektedir. Kitabelere g\u00f6re Ulu Camii; 1684, 1779, 1780 ve 1870 tarihlerinde onar\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cami avlusuna, \u015eanl\u0131urfa \u0130li K\u00fclt\u00fcr E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 (\u015eURKAV) taraf\u0131ndan kesme ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fad\u0131rvan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve bah\u00e7e d\u00fczenlemeleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131l Kiliseye ait kal\u0131n duvarlarla \u00e7evrili camii avlusunun kuzeybat\u0131 kesimi mezarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu mezarl\u0131ktaki t\u00fcrbede, 1823 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat eden, Halidi Tarikat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu Mevlana Halid Ziy\u00e2eddin Hazretleri’nin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu \u015eehabeddin Ahmet\u2019in mezar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrbe, yak\u0131n zamanda \u015eURKAV taraf\u0131ndan restore edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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HACI HAFIZ AHMET EFEND\u0130 EV\u0130 (DEVLET G\u00dcZEL SANATLAR GALER\u0130S\u0130) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Divan yolu postane biti\u015fi\u011findedir. \u0130ki avlulu evin, selaml\u0131k kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kitabeden 1888 tarihinde\u00a0in\u015fa edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fczg\u00fcn kesme ta\u015flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup haremlik ve selaml\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geleneksel Urfa evlerinin en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerindendir. Kap\u0131 ve pencere kanatlar\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ile odalarda g\u00f6z tabir edilen ah\u015fap raflardan olu\u015fan ni\u015fler Urfa evlerindeki a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131r. 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak restore edilip 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Devlet G\u00fczel Sanatlar Galerisi olarak hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ilk tarihi yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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K\u00d6Y YATI MEKTEB\u0130 (\u0130L K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE TUR\u0130ZM M\u00dcD\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR BAH\u00c7ES\u0130) \u0130n\u015fa tarihi bilinmemektedir. \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 yar\u0131m b\u0131rak\u0131lan bu yap\u0131, 1930 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mutasarr\u0131f M\u00fcnir Bey taraf\u0131ndan tamamlanarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceleri Sanayi Mektebinin nakledilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse de daha sonra \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylerden gelen k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in yat\u0131l\u0131 okul olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mimari ve \u00dcslup olarak 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen Yusuf Ziya Efendi Kona\u011f\u0131na (Eski Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 binas\u0131) benzer \u00f6zelikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kesme ta\u015flardan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f iki katl\u0131 U \u015feklinde bir plana sahiptir. Yap\u0131 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eanl\u0131urfa Valili\u011fince restore edilmi\u015f ve bir s\u00fcre \u00d6zel \u0130dare binas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne devredilmi\u015ftir. 4200 m2 lik bir alan sahip olan bu bina ve m\u00fc\u015ftemilat\u0131 restore edilmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bah\u00e7e d\u00fczenlemesi yap\u0131larak \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr Bah\u00e7esi\u201d olarak sosyal etkinliklerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcsait bir duruma getirilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca bah\u00e7e i\u00e7ine Halepli Bah\u00e7e Amazon Mozaikleri, G\u00f6beklitepe Stelleri, Edessa Mozaikleri gibi bir\u00e7ok eserin kopyalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Urfa Mimarisinin g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden biri olan bu yap\u0131, halen \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hizmet binas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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D\u00dcNYANIN EN ESK\u0130 ARKEOLOJ\u0130K TAPINA\u011eI G\u00d6BEKL\u0130TEPE \u00a0\u00a0 G\u00f6beklitepe, M.\u00d6. 10.000 yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenen \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n En Eski Arkeolojik Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d\u2019d\u0131r. 80 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck alana sahip olan \u00f6ren yeri, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1. Derece arkeolojik sit alan\u0131 ilan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsano\u011flu ilk kez, Neolitik d\u00f6nemde avc\u0131l\u0131k ve toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ile birlikte tar\u0131ma da y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Yabani \u015fekilde yeti\u015fen bu\u011fday, arpa, mercimek t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcnleri deneme yan\u0131lma yoluyla ekmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, zamanla en iyi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bulmu\u015ftur. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde hayvanlar\u0131n evcille\u015ftirilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, ilk dini ve sivil mimari \u00f6rnekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eanl\u0131urfa \u0130l Merkezi\u2019nin 17 km do\u011fusunda \u00d6rencik (Karaharabe) K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 3 km kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan G\u00f6beklitepe, ad\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bulunan ta\u015f yat\u0131r mezardan (ziyaretten) almaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk kez 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul ve Chicago \u00dcniversitelerinin i\u015fbirli\u011fi ile haz\u0131rlanan \u201cG\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Projesi\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesinden Prehistorya B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Halet \u00c7AMBEL ve Chicago \u00dcniversitesinden Prof. Dr. Robert BRAIDWOOD taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a01995 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eanl\u0131urfa M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Alman Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Arkeolog Harald HAUPTMANN\u2019\u0131n dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 1996 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2006 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u015eanl\u0131urfa M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Alman Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Arkeolog Klaus Schmidt dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019deki kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2007 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile Alman Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden Arkeolog Klaus Schmidt taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ilgin\u00e7 buluntular aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6l varan\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fcngen kabartmalar\u0131, a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve di\u015fleri korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde betimlenen kurt kafalar\u0131, yaban domuzlar\u0131, turna, leylek, tilki, ceylan, yabani e\u015fek, y\u0131lan, akrep, yabani koyun, aslan \u00f6r\u00fcmcek ve kafas\u0131 olmayan insan kabartmas\u0131, erkeklik organ\u0131 abart\u0131l\u0131 olarak tasvir edilmi\u015f erkek heykelleri vb. ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan<\/p>\n
bulgular 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7en bu d\u00f6nem insan\u0131n\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u00f6nemli bulgular\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Mimarl\u0131k tarihi, insano\u011flunun avc\u0131 ve toplay\u0131c\u0131 toplumdan yerle\u015fik topluma ge\u00e7mesi ile ba\u015flar.G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de bulunan 12.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k yap\u0131lar, mimarl\u0131k tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsano\u011flunun tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerden \u00f6nceki \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait ilk tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, M.\u00d6. 5.000 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenen Malta Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki tap\u0131nak olarak biliniyordu. G\u00f6beklitepe yerle\u015fiminin tespiti ile bu bilgiler ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirmi\u015f ve insano\u011flunun ilk tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenen \u201cG\u00f6beklitepe Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u201d oldu\u011fu bilimsel verilerle kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tespit ile birlikte<\/p>\n
arkeoloji tarihi yeniden yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada kabul g\u00f6ren arkeolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re insano\u011flunu avc\u0131 ve toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminden yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7mesindeki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rler; a\u00e7l\u0131k korkusu ve korunma i\u00e7 g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak G\u00f6beklitepe bu tabuyu y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama ge\u00e7i\u015fte dinsel inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n da etkinsin olabilece\u011fini ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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